SUMMARY
Julius Caesar was a famous soldier
and leader in ancient Rome, known for his conquests and admired by his people
as a national hero. However, a group of senators led by Brutus, who was a close
friend of Caesar, became concerned about his growing power and ambition. They
feared that it would harm Rome and decided that the only way to prevent this
was to kill Caesar. Cassius, who was Brutus's brother-in-law, began to poison
Brutus's mind against Caesar, convincing him that Caesar's ambition needed to
be curbed. On the day of Caesar's planned speech at the Capitol, Brutus and the
other conspirators met secretly in the middle of the night to discuss their
plans. They decided that Caesar should be killed, but that Mark Antony should
be spared. The next day, Caesar's wife, Calpurnia, had a dream that warned of
danger and begged him not to go to the Capitol. But Decius, a member of the
conspirators, convinced Caesar to ignore his wife's fears and go to the
Capitol. When Caesar arrived, the conspirators surrounded him and one by one,
they stabbed him. As Caesar lay dying, he saw that even his closest friend
Brutus had betrayed him, and he cried out in despair, "You too, Brutus?
Then fall, Caesar!". The killing of Caesar was a shock to the Roman
people, who had loved and admired him, and led to a year-long war between
Caesar's supporters and the conspirators, ultimately resulting in the deaths of
the conspirators.
Working with the Text
Why did a certain party of Romans wish to kill Julius Caesar?
Ans: A certain party of Romans wished to kill Julius Caesar because they saw him as a dictator who was increasing his power and ambition, which they feared would lead to the end of the Republic and the rise of an authoritarian ruler.
Why did Calpurnia beg Caesar not to go to the Capitol?
Ans: Calpurnia begged Caesar not to go to the Capitol because she had a dream that he would be killed there. She pleaded with him to stay home, but Caesar did not listen.
What two reasons did Anthony give to show that Caesar was not ambitious?
Ans: The two reasons that Anthony gave to show that Caesar was not ambitious were: a) Caesar was always kind and generous to the poor, feeling great love and pity for them. b) Anthony had offered the kingly crown to Caesar three times which he had refused.
Why did Brutus decide to march from Sardis to Philippi?
Ans: Brutus decided to march from Sardis to Philippi in an attempt to defeat Octavius and Mark Anthony. However, this decision turned out to be a mistake as Octavius and Mark Anthony had the upper hand with their strong defensive position and well-rested army.
Why has Brutus been called ‘the noblest Roman of them all’?
Ans: Brutus planned to overthrow Caesar for the benefit of the people. He had no personal motives, only concern for the good of Rome. This is why he is known as the "noblest Roman" of them all.
Language Work
Read the following sentence:
Meals will be served outside on the terrace, weather permitting. But we cannot say: ‘meals will be served outside on the terrace, weather allowing because permitting collocates with weather and allowing does not.
Collocation: Collocation is the combination of words that frequently appear together in a language. It refers to the natural way certain words are often used together. Here are examples of collocation:
Strong coffee - a particularly potent cup of coffee.
Break the news - informing someone of something important.
Make a difference - the impact or change that something has.
Take a break - pausing or stopping something.
Catch a cold - becoming ill with a cold.
Close a deal - finalizing a business transaction.
Have a good time - enjoying oneself.
Put up with - tolerating something.
Get away - leaving or escaping from a place or situation.
Make a mistake - committing an error. Rain or shine - Regardless of the weather conditions, something will happen or continue as planned.
Kick off - To start or begin something, often used in reference to a sports game or event.
Take a seat - To sit down and take a place to sit.
Give up - To stop trying or give up on something.
Make up - To reconcile or to create something.
Show off - To display or demonstrate something in a boastful or arrogant way.
Cut out - To remove something or exclude it.
Think over - To consider something carefully before making a decision.
Get on - To board a vehicle or to have a good relationship with someone.
Come by - To visit or drop in.
Put on - To wear or add something.
Go off - To stop functioning or explode.
Break down - To malfunction or to become emotionally upset.
Take in - To absorb or understand something.
Keep up - To maintain a pace or to continue something.
Turn up - To increase the volume or arrive somewhere.
Set up - To prepare or establish something.
Come up - To happen or occur.
Fill in - To complete or provide information.
Put out - To extinguish or to stop something from happening.
Make out - To kiss or to understand something with difficulty.
Carry on - To continue or persist.
Put through - To connect or to process something.
Take off - To depart or remove something.
Hold on - To wait or to grip something tightly.
Cut off - To disconnect or to sever something.
Pick up - To lift or to gain momentum.
Put away - To store or to put something in its proper place.
Make an effort - To try hard or exert oneself.
Have a chat - To have a conversation.
Put on a show - To perform or to display something in an entertaining way.
Catch a glimpse - To see something quickly or briefly.
Close a window - To shut or cover a window.
Make a wish - To express a desire or hope for something.
Take a walk - To go for a leisurely stroll.
Get a haircut - To have one's hair cut.
Make a promise - To commit to doing something.
Take a nap - To sleep for a short period of time.
Put on a brave face - To act bravely or to hide one's true feelings.
Catch a train - To board a train.
Close a book - To finish reading or to shut a book.
Have a blast - To have a great time.
Put up a tent - To set up a tent.
Get a job - To obtain employment.
Make a sandwich - To prepare a sandwich.
Take a shower - To wash oneself with water.
Put on a concert - To perform music for an audience.
Example: work - a career
Example: wide - open
Example: well - aware
Example: great - success
Example: vitally - important
Example: business - deal
Example: public - opinion
Example: environment - sustainability
Example: personal - development
Example: financial - stability
Example: professional - career
Example: political - agenda
Example: social - change
Example: moral - responsibility
1.Now match the words on the left with the words on right to form common collocations.
1. work a. success
2. wide b. ethic
3. well c. aware
4. great d. important
5. vitally e. open
Ans. 1 – b; 2 – e; 3 – c; 4 – a; 5 – d.
Grammar Work
State which of the following sentences are compound and which are complex. Then divide each sentence into its respective clauses:
Ans.
1. God made the country and manmade the town. (compound)
God made the country
Man made the town
2. He tried hard but he did not succeed. (compound)
He tried hard
he did not succeed
3. I’m the child of the ocean and this is my lot. (compound)
I’m the child of the ocean
this is my lot
4. He tames animals because he is fond of them (complex)
He tames animals
because he is fond of them
5. Though I had not seen Nora since she was a small baby, we were soon friends. (complex)
Though I had not seen Nora since she was a small baby
we were soon friends
6. About half of the humanity relies on the freshwater that accumulates in mountainous regions like the Himalayas. (complex)
About half of the humanity relies on the freshwater
that accumulates in mountainous regions like the Himalayas
7.These things are beyond all understanding and I do fear them. (compound)
These things are beyond all understanding
I do fear them
8. When the sun shines immediately after rainfall, it looks very pleasant. (complex)
When the sun shines immediately after rainfall
it looks very pleasant
9. Unless Rustum is killed, our armies can never hope to see victory. (complex)
Unless Rustum is killed
our armies can never hope to see victory
10. He was so poor that he and his wife had to remain hungry for days together. (complex)
He was so poor
that he and his wife had to remain hungry for days together
Now, complete the following by supplying a suitable clause:
1. God made the country and ________
2. ________ but he did not succeed.
3. I’m the child of the ocean ________
4. ________ because he is fond of them.
5. Though I had not seen Nora since she was a small baby ________
6. About half of the humanity relies on the freshwater ________
7. These things are beyond all understanding and I do fear them.
8. ________, it looks very pleasant.
9. Unless Rustum is killed, ________
10. He was so poor ________
No comments:
Post a Comment